ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the metabolizable energy, standardized ileal amino acid digestibility (SIAAD) and digestible amino acid values of wheat meal (WM), wheat gluten meal (WGM), meat bone meal (MBM) and poultry-by-product meal (PPM) in diets for broilers. In the first experiment, the total excreta collection method was used, with 180 chicks with 14 days, distributed in a completely randomized design, with 4 feeds + reference diet with 6 replicates and 6 broilers each. In the second experiment, 180 broilers from 24 to 28 days old were used, distributed in a completely randomized design, with 4 feeds + one protein free diet with 6 replicates and 6 broilers each. The AMEn values of WM, WGM, MBM and PPM were 3052, 3174, 1556 and 3200 (kcal/kg), respectively. The average SIAAD of the essential and non-essential amino acids of WM, WGM, MBM and PPM were 74.21, 97.50, 69.28 and 83.08; 76.32, 96.42, 63.93 and 77.66, respectively. The values of the main digestible limiting amino acids were 0.18, 1.42, 0.41 and 0.94 for methionine; 0.20, 1.48, 1.73 and 2.73 for lysine; 0.23, 1.67, 0.72 and 1.89 for threonine; and 0.35, 3.22, 1.38 and 2.47 for valine, respectively for the feedstuffs in study.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o controle e o progresso temporal da ferrugem asiática da soja, causada por Phakopsora pachyrhizi, sob manejo com tratamentos alternativos. Para isso, implementou-se um ensaio em delineamento de blocos completos com tratamentos ao acaso, com 4 repetições, em Itambé-PR, durante a safra 2007/2008. Os tratamentos alternativos foram: biomassa cítrica, extrato bruto e óleo essencial de Eucalyptus citriodora e grãos de kefir. Avaliou-se também o controle químico com azoxistrobina + ciproconazole + adjuvante 0,5 v/v e a testemunha. Para comparação dos tratamentos utilizou-se a severidade da doença (em cinco avaliações), a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD), a taxa de progresso da doença, a produtividade e o peso de mil grãos. Foram constatadas diferenças significativas (Pd"0,05) para as avaliações de severidade, para AACPD e para a taxa de progresso da doença. De modo geral, dentre os tratamentos alternativos, a biomassa cítrica e os grãos de kefir apresentaram os maiores índices de controle e menores taxas de progresso da doença, superando os tratamentos com extrato bruto e óleo essencial de E. citriodora. Porém, o tratamento com azoxistrobina + ciproconazole foi mais eficiente para controle e proporcionou as menores taxas de progresso quando comparado aos tratamentos alternativos.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the control and the temporal progress of Asian soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, under management with alternative treatments. Thus, an experiment was carried out under a randomized block design, in Itambé, municipality, Paraná State, Brazil, during the cropping season 2007/2008. The alternative treatments were: citric biomass, crude extract and essential oil of Eucalyptus citriodora and kefir grains. Chemical control using azoxystrobin + cyproconazol + adjuvant 0,5v/v was also evaluated. Disease severity (in five evaluations), area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), disease progress rate, productivity and 1000 grain weight were used for comparison among treatments. Significant differences (Pd"0,05) were observed for severity, AUDPC and disease progress rate. In general, citric biomass and kefir grains had the highest control indexes and lower disease progression rates among the alternative treatments showing to be superior to the treatments with crude extract and essential oil of E. citriodora. However, azoxystrobin + cyproconazol were more efficient to control the disease and led to the lowest progress rates, relative to the alternative treatments.

A helmintosporiose, causada pelo fungo Exserohilum turcicum, é uma das principais doenças do milho-pipoca cultivado no Brasil. Devido às características da cultura, como porte da planta, extensão da área de plantio e rentabilidade econômica, o emprego de resistência genética e controle químico têm sido as principais formas de controle da doença. O emprego de agrotóxicos na agricultura tem levado riscos à saúde humana e freqüentes danos ao meio ambiente. Assim, na busca de métodos alternativos para o controle da helmintosporiose foi avaliado o efeito fungitóxico dos extratos vegetais das plantas Achillea milefollium (mil-folhas), Cymbopogon citratus (capim-limão), Artemisia camphorata (cânfora) e Rosmarinus officinalis (alecrim) no crescimento micelial de E. turcicum, em dois meios de cultura (BDA - batata-dextrose-ágar; e LCH - lactose caseína hidrolisada). Os extratos de alecrim e cânfora foram os que apresentaram maior inibição do crescimento micelial nos dois meios de cultura, enquanto que os extratos de mil-folhas e capim limão estimularam o crescimento micelial em meio LCH.

Helminthosporiose is caused by the fungus Exserohilum turcicum and represents one of the main diseases in popcorn grown in Brazil. Due to its characteristics, such as plant size, planting area extension and economic profitability, the use of genetic resistance and chemical control has constituted the main procedure against such disease. The use of pesticides in agriculture has resulted in risks to the human health and frequent damages to the environment. Thus, the fungitoxic effect of plant extracts of Achillea millefolium (yarrow), Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass), Artemisia camphorata (camphor) and Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) on the mycelial growth of E. turcicum was evaluated by using two culture media (PDA - potato dextrose agar, and LCH - lactose-casein hydrolysate) in order to set alternative methods for controlling helminthosporiose. Rosemary and camphor extracts led to higher mycelial growth inhibition in both culture media, whereas yarrow and lemon grass extracts stimulated mycelial growth in LCH medium.